On May 14, 1975, in a dramatic move, Ford ordered U.S. forces to retake the S.S. MAYAGUEZ, an American merchant ship seized by Cambodian gunboats two days earlier in international waters. The vessel was recovered and all 39 crewmen saved. In the preparation and execution of the rescue, however, 41 Americans lost their lives.(Gerald) President Ford used his presidential powers to have the U.S. Marines take back the stolen ship.
In an effort to reform the U.S. intelligence community, Ford signs Executive Order 11905 to “establish policies to improve the quality of intelligence needed for national security, to clarify the authority and responsibilities of the intelligence departments and agencies, and to establish effective oversight to assure compliance with law in the management and direction of intelligence agencies and departments of the national government.” This executive order also prohibits the United States from engaging in political assassination. (Gerald) Ford used his presidential powers and decided to sign the order to help fix the intelligence community.
Quote:
"A government big enough to give you everything you want is a government big enough to take everything you have."(Gerald) Ford did not want to give the American people everything they asked for, and abuse the power of the government.
Shared:
All presidents are in need of sharing roles to get things done. In this example, President Ford is extending an Open Door Policy that was established by the previous president Nixon with the Communist country of China. According to ABC-CLIO, “Escorted by Deng Xiaoping, President Gerald Ford inspects the honor guard upon his arrival in China on December 1, 1975. Ford sought to continue the Open Door policy that Richard Nixon had established in his historic 1972 visit to the once-closed Communist nation” (ABC-CLIO).
To change policies in the country, presidents need to seek confirmation and agreement from those in congress. In this example, President Ford is discussing the American evacuation of Saigon, South Vietnam. “President Gerald Ford meets in the Oval Office with Secretary of State Henry Kissinger (left) and Vice President Nelson Rockefeller (center) on April 28, 1975 to discuss the American evacuation of Saigon, South Vietnam” (ABC-CLIO).
Quote:
"You know, the President of the United States is not a magician who can wave a wand or sign a paper that will instantly end a war, cure a recession, or make a bureaucracy disappear" (ABC-CLIO). This quote helps support the Shared powers of the President. The President, as Ford mentioned, “is not a magician,” not only is he unable to “wave a wand” to “instantly end a war, cure a recession, or make a bureaucracy disappear,” but he is definitely unable to do any of this on his own. He needs the help of others to make any of these changes go smoothly and efficiently.
Dependent:
Loony:
MLA Citation: Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library and Museum. Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library and Museum. Web. 1 Dec 2010. "Gerald R. Ford." American Government. ABC-CLIO, 2010. Web. 1 Dec. 2010. "Gerald Ford arrives in China." Image. Gerald Ford Library. American Government. ABC-CLIO, 2010. Web. 28 Nov. 2010. "Gerald Ford discusses Vietnam with senior staff." Image. Gerald Ford Library. American Government. ABC-CLIO, 2010. Web. 28 Nov. 2010. "Gerald Ford: quote on the presidency." American Government. ABC-CLIO, 2010. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.
Ford Administration: Cabinet, 1974-1977
Department
Secretary
Date Appointed
State
Henry Kissinger
cont. from previous administration
Treasury
William Simon
cont. from previous administration
Defense
James Schlesinger
cont. from previous administration
Donald Rumsfeld
1975
Attorney General
William Saxbe
cont. from previous administration
Edward Levi
1975
Interior
Rogers Morton
cont. from previous administration
Stanley Hathaway
1975
Thomas Kleppe
1975
Agriculture
Earl Butz
cont. from previous administration
John Knebel
1976
Commerce
Frederick Dent
cont. from previous administration
Rogers Morton
1975
He did not do much while he was in
office but he did help the president
by stabilizing the department.
Elliot Richardson
1976
He was very helpful to presidents
and held more cabinet positions
than anyone in history. He is a victim of the "Saturday Night Massacre." He later resigned.
Labor
Peter Brennan
cont. from previous administration
John T. Dunlop
1975
W.J. Usery Jr.
1976
Health, Education, and Welfare
Caspar Weinberger
cont. from previous administration
He helped and hindered
the president, although he was
well know for the
role he played in the Strategic
Defense Initiative, and the
Iran-Contra Affair, his actions
tripled the countries national debt.
Forest Mathews
1975
He helped the president
with his work on reforming the regulatory system and restoring public confidence in government.
Housing and Urban Development
James Lynn
cont. from previous administration
Carla Hills
1975
Transportation
Claude Brinegar
cont. from previous administration
William T. Coleman Jr.
1975
8. Secretary of Labor, Peter Brennan continued from pervious administration, replaced by John T. Dunlop in 1975, replaced by W.J. Usery Jr. in 1976
John T. Dunlop served the administration of Richard Nixon in a number of positions, helping to stabilize the economy in a time of high inflation. Dunlop's special area of expertise was in the field of labor policy, and he worked with many labor leaders to keep union wage demands under control. After Nixon's resignation, Dunlop served as President Gerald Ford's secretary of labor. He proved to be a strong secretary who reorganized and streamlined several of the divisions within the Labor Department and kept peace between the unions and the administration. When President Ford vetoed a prolabor bill after promising his support, Dunlop left government service and returned to academic life.
10. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, James Lynn continued from previous administration, replaced by Carla Hills in 1975.
James Lynn served as secretary of housing and urban development (HUD) in the Cabinets of Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. He developed legislation that replaced departmental grants for specific housing projects with revenue sharing block grants, which allowed communities greater flexibility in spending federal funds. He also administered programs designed to increase the housing available to low income families. Under President Ford, Lynn also served as director of the Office of Management and Budget. He tried to find a cure for the "stagflation" that persisted during administrations of Ford and President Jimmy Carter.
11. Secretary of Transport, continued from previous administration Claude Brinegar, replaced by William T. Coleman Jr. in 1975.
As secretary of transportation during President Richard Nixon's second term, Claude Brinegar faced many challenges. Chief among these was the gasoline shortage resulting from the 1973 Arab-Israeli War. He had to formulate a federal response to the deterioration of the railroad infrastructure of the United States and normalize air traffic between the United States and the Soviet Union. Brinegar also recommended increased federal funding of mass transportation.
William T. Coleman Jr. was one of the first African-American men to be appointed to a cabinet position. He served as secretary of transportation during the presidency of Gerald Ford. Coleman had established himself as an authority on legal issues of transportation, but he was also very well known and respected for his civil rights work. Although a Republican, Coleman served on governmental advisory boards and commissions during both Republican and Democratic administrations.
Gerald Ford
Accomplishments & Chanllenges:
Constitutional:
- On May 14, 1975, in a dramatic move, Ford ordered U.S. forces to retake the S.S. MAYAGUEZ, an American merchant ship seized by Cambodian gunboats two days earlier in international waters. The vessel was recovered and all 39 crewmen saved. In the preparation and execution of the rescue, however, 41 Americans lost their lives.(Gerald) President Ford used his presidential powers to have the U.S. Marines take back the stolen ship.
- In an effort to reform the U.S. intelligence community, Ford signs Executive Order 11905 to “establish policies to improve the quality of intelligence needed for national security, to clarify the authority and responsibilities of the intelligence departments and agencies, and to establish effective oversight to assure compliance with law in the management and direction of intelligence agencies and departments of the national government.” This executive order also prohibits the United States from engaging in political assassination. (Gerald) Ford used his presidential powers and decided to sign the order to help fix the intelligence community.
Quote:Shared:
- All presidents are in need of sharing roles to get things done. In this example, President Ford is extending an Open Door Policy that was established by the previous president Nixon with the Communist country of China. According to ABC-CLIO, “Escorted by Deng Xiaoping, President Gerald Ford inspects the honor guard upon his arrival in China on December 1, 1975. Ford sought to continue the Open Door policy that Richard Nixon had established in his historic 1972 visit to the once-closed Communist nation” (ABC-CLIO).
- To change policies in the country, presidents need to seek confirmation and agreement from those in congress. In this example, President Ford is discussing the American evacuation of Saigon, South Vietnam. “President Gerald Ford meets in the Oval Office with Secretary of State Henry Kissinger (left) and Vice President Nelson Rockefeller (center) on April 28, 1975 to discuss the American evacuation of Saigon, South Vietnam” (ABC-CLIO).
Quote:Dependent:
Loony:
MLA Citation:
Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library and Museum. Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library and Museum. Web. 1 Dec 2010.
"Gerald R. Ford." American Government. ABC-CLIO, 2010. Web. 1 Dec. 2010.
"Gerald Ford arrives in China." Image. Gerald Ford Library. American Government. ABC-CLIO, 2010. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.
"Gerald Ford discusses Vietnam with senior staff." Image. Gerald Ford Library. American Government. ABC-CLIO, 2010. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.
"Gerald Ford: quote on the presidency." American Government. ABC-CLIO, 2010. Web. 28 Nov. 2010.
Ford Administration: Cabinet, 1974-1977
William Simon
Earl Butz
John Knebel
Frederick Dent
Rogers Morton
He did not do much while he was in
office but he did help the president
by stabilizing the department.
Elliot Richardson
He was very helpful to presidents
and held more cabinet positions
than anyone in history.
He is a victim of the
"Saturday Night Massacre." He
later resigned.
Peter Brennan
John T. Dunlop
W.J. Usery Jr.
Caspar Weinberger
He helped and hindered
the president, although he was
well know for the
role he played in the Strategic
Defense Initiative, and the
Iran-Contra Affair, his actions
tripled the countries national debt.
Forest Mathews
He helped the president
with his work on reforming the
regulatory system and
restoring public confidence
in government.
James Lynn
Carla Hills
8. Secretary of Labor, Peter Brennan continued from pervious administration, replaced by John T. Dunlop in 1975, replaced by W.J. Usery Jr. in 1976
John T. Dunlop served the administration of Richard Nixon in a number of positions, helping to stabilize the economy in a time of high inflation. Dunlop's special area of expertise was in the field of labor policy, and he worked with many labor leaders to keep union wage demands under control. After Nixon's resignation, Dunlop served as President Gerald Ford's secretary of labor. He proved to be a strong secretary who reorganized and streamlined several of the divisions within the Labor Department and kept peace between the unions and the administration. When President Ford vetoed a prolabor bill after promising his support, Dunlop left government service and returned to academic life.
10. Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, James Lynn continued from previous administration, replaced by Carla Hills in 1975.
James Lynn served as secretary of housing and urban development (HUD) in the Cabinets of Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. He developed legislation that replaced departmental grants for specific housing projects with revenue sharing block grants, which allowed communities greater flexibility in spending federal funds. He also administered programs designed to increase the housing available to low income families. Under President Ford, Lynn also served as director of the Office of Management and Budget. He tried to find a cure for the "stagflation" that persisted during administrations of Ford and President Jimmy Carter.
11. Secretary of Transport, continued from previous administration Claude Brinegar, replaced by William T. Coleman Jr. in 1975.
As secretary of transportation during President Richard Nixon's second term, Claude Brinegar faced many challenges. Chief among these was the gasoline shortage resulting from the 1973 Arab-Israeli War. He had to formulate a federal response to the deterioration of the railroad infrastructure of the United States and normalize air traffic between the United States and the Soviet Union. Brinegar also recommended increased federal funding of mass transportation.
William T. Coleman Jr. was one of the first African-American men to be appointed to a cabinet position. He served as secretary of transportation during the presidency of Gerald Ford. Coleman had established himself as an authority on legal issues of transportation, but he was also very well known and respected for his civil rights work. Although a Republican, Coleman served on governmental advisory boards and commissions during both Republican and Democratic administrations.
MLA Citation:
"Ford Administration: Cabinet, 1974-1977." American Government. ABC-CLIO, 2010. Web. 1 Dec. 2010.